Igniting Young Minds Essay

Swami Vivekananda’s success Mantras for youth! â€Å"My Faith is in the Younger Generation, the Modern Generation, out of them will come my workers. They will work out the whole problem, like Lions.† Swami Vivekananda expressed this confidence in the youth of this country exactly 50 years before the end of Colonial Rule while speaking to a mammoth gathering of youngsters in Madras. Swami ji himself was the embodiment of youth, dynamism and vibrancy. The life and ideals of Swami ji are the greatest inspiration for the youth of our nation. In a short life of 39 years, 5 months and 22 days, this great man conquered the entire world with his message. Many great personalities both in India and across the world became deeply inspired by Swami ji. The writings of Swami ji can ignite the minds of the reader.. Anybody who has come into either direct or indirect contact has witnessed an ocean of change in his or her life. Today, the youth of this country faces various challenges and I am certain that the message of Swami Vivekananda has the power to wonderfully guide them into the future. PURPOSE OF LIFE Swami ji always held that the real birth of the individual takes place when the purpose of his life germinates. He believed that he who does not have a purpose is nothing but a walking-talking corpse.It is extremely important not to decide the purpose of life with the narrow objective to be something or the other. Think of doing not becoming and in this process you will certainly become something. Once the purpose of life is clear, all actions of life become driven by that purpose. SELF-CONFIDENCE A precursor to do anything in life is to have confidence in the self. Swami Vivekananda attached more importance to self-confidence than even faith in God! â€Å"He is an atheist who does not believe in himself. The old religions said that he was an atheist who did not believe in God. The new religion says that he is an atheist who does not believe in himself,† he famously stated. Unfortunately, we have limited ourselves without knowing our capabilities. Many times we feel that we can do ‘only this much’ despite being blessed with tremendous capabilities. If our youth is determined, there can be nothing impossible for them to achieve in the world! But, for this we must regain our self-confidence. Swami ji always believed that everything that is happening around us be it small, big, positive or negative gives us the opportunity to manifest the potential within. DEDICATION For any endeavor to attain the pinnacle of success, dedication to the cause is absolutely essential. Swami Vivekananda once said, â€Å"To succeed, you must have tremendous perseverance, tremendous will. ‘I will drink the ocean’, says the persevering soul; ‘at my will mountains will crumble up’. Have that sort of energy, that sort of will; work hard, and you will reach the goal.† Another quality that Swami Vivekananda spoke of was patience. He said, â€Å"Be like the pearl oyster. There is a pretty Indian fable to the effect that if it rains when the star Svà ¢ti is in the ascendant, and a drop of rain falls into an oyster, that drop becomes a pearl. The oysters know this, so they come to the surface when that star shines, and wait to catch the precious raindrop. When a drop falls into them, quickly the oysters close their shells and dive down to the bottom of the sea, there to patiently develop the drop into the pearl. We should be like that.† Very often, it so happens that we take on a task with immense enthusiasm but as time passes by, the same enthusiasm fizzles out. Pursuing a challenge with utmost dedication is indeed a road to success for our youth. TEAMWORK This era belongs to organization and teamwork. Be it any sector from science, technology to business, teamwork constitutes a major cornerstone to attaining the desired results. When he was in USA, Swami Vivekananda was greatly impressed by the spirit of teamwork there and he thought of the need to re-vitalize this spirit of teamwork in India. Leading by example, he founded the Ramakrishna Mission and organized Sanyasis to work towards nation building. Friends, if the present youth walks on the hallow path of Swami ji’s ideals and beliefs it will merely be a matter of time before India adorns the mantle as the leader of the World. In any case, we are the most youthful nation in the world but simply that is not enough. It is necessary to arm our youth with the relevant knowledge and skill that will convert this mammoth potential to desired results. India is celebrating Swami Vivekananda’s 150th Birth Anniversary and Gujarat is commemorating the entire year as ‘Yuva Shakti Varsh’. It is indeed high time that we resolve to follow these ideals of Swami Vivekananda and take this youthful nation to greater heights as the leader of the world.

Axia College of University of Phoenix Essay

The purpose and meaning of life, is to live it in the most meaningful way a person can. I work hard on this daily, and try to show the younger generation that life can be so beautiful in a lot of positive ways if you lead it the way you want it. My personal narrative will be away to express myself like I have not done before by using theories in my readings. I am a thirty-year-old man who is very energetic, outgoing, hard working that not only values my life, but everyone else’s as well. The past five years of my life have been a five-part movie that could have big as the Lord of the Rings series. I started school, two businesses, regular job I got promoted, and bought a new house. I have had to take a back seat on being there for all my family, and friends like I am use to, because for once I had to utilize time for myself. My meaning of life stayed the same thru out these years; I think these things have made me more mature on things, and to love myself a little more. The major thing that made me really evolve in the past 5 years I believe is starting school. Six years prior to me starting at UOP I dropped out of college, because I had no clue what I wanted to use my skills for, I was very lost, unhappy, and I was doing nothing for myself it was for everyone else. That single event by enrolling back in school changed my personality over night for the better. The next day I started weeding people out of my life that where imputing nothing but negatives in it. That was defiantly the turning point for me without a doubt. This event came at the right time also in my life since I was in a very dark place at the time, so I guess you can say it was meant to be. Then I started two business ventures that I had wanted to start which proved to me that I could do something for myself to benefit my life and stability. I now have more than enough responsibilities that I did not have before, like keeping my business in order supplies to maintaining my customer relationships. My new house has been the biggest ordeal and not in a bad way it has been extremely difficult to get it to my standards, and since I am so busy I have not taking time just for my house. These challenging changes in my life now are very hard to deal with, but I would not make any changes at all, because this is the happiest I have been. I have been hard on myself, but not to the point of stressing. Happiness proves to be an interesting window through which to view continuity and change in personality (McAdams, 2006). With that said it shows in my everyday life that no matter what I am faced with today my life is a lot better now than then. I took a lot growing up without a father from not being able to afford things I wanted to not having the self-confidence in myself to make change. When you receive that unexpected high grade on a tough assignment, you are likely to feel good, and your well-being shoots way up (McAdams, 2006). Starting my businesses, buying the house, and getting promoted where some very tough assignments in the past five years, but I feel so much better about who I am with a better well being. What roles have religion, race, culture, family, and gender played in the development of my personality, well the major thing that played a role was family. My family pushed me so much to a point where failing would not be expectable in any manner. My girlfriend has never stopped believing in me she always said I will be somebody, and no one can take that from me. My race, and religion beliefs did not have a huge factor in any part of this, but my personality got me sixty percent of what I have today. Looking back on the past seeing the transition that has taking place in my life from five years ago is something in itself to boost my ego. Five years ago without UOP I can honestly say that there is no way I would be where I am now. Life is a wonderful thing to have, we make our own destiny, and being rich or poor should not make us who we are, but being in love with life and our good talents that we possess should play a huge part of what we are. McAdams, D. (2006). The person: a new introduction to personality psychology. (4th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

What medical information should be confidential Who, if anybody, Research Paper

What medical information should be confidential Who, if anybody, should have access to medical records - Research Paper Example This research paper aims to identify the behaviors and perceptions of medical staff regarding EHRs by interviewing a sample size of 15 staff members at an ophthalmology centre. The research findings of the study reveal that while, employee awareness regarding EHR has increased in recent times, a significant percentage of medical professionals are yet to experience the benefits of the system. It is observed that medical professionals still have certain reservations regarding the implementation of the technology which range from financial concerns, a fear of losing their jobs and grave concerns regarding patient privacy and confidentiality of patient information that may be comprised by the adoption of Electronic Health Records. ... The questions of the survey have been designed in a manner which ensures that the interest of the participants is maintained as it is acknowledged that extended periods of interviewing may tire the participants thereby, impacting the conclusions of the study in an adverse manner. Therefore, the expected time for survey completion has been set as 20 minutes. In addition with the ethical considerations that have been outlined previously, the scope of the study also extends to areas which address the challenges that are faced by physicians in adopting Electronic Method of Recording (EMRs) data, whether EMRs provide more benefits and advantages in comparison with paper based methods of keeping patient records and the pertinent initiatives that should be taken to improve the overall success and efficiency of EMR in medical facilities and health institutions. Owing to the immense importance of ethics in research, the findings of the study have been reported in exactly the same manner and e valuated in accordance with the information that was collected from the participants during the survey process. Moreover, the research methodology of the study is characterized by the implementation of stratified random sampling to avoid bias in the selection of participants for the study. As the key focus of this study the research was able to uncover the significance of confidentiality in the field of medical reporting. Consequently, the ethical aspects that have been addressed in the study include respecting the anonymity of participants by ensuring that their names and other personal information is not revealed. Furthermore, for the purposes of enhancing the objectivity of the conclusions of this chapter the research questions

Glastonbury festival Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Glastonbury festival - Coursework Example That is a decent amount. Off-site, it grosses another  £ 26,470.23. That is truly the figure that is relevant for the town of Glastonbury. If the festival grosses a lot on-site, it might not cover the costs of the festival and be a net loss. But presumably, established businesses in the town make money per each new customer. Further, even if the festival made money on site, it would still not be helpful to the town per se but instead helpful to only a few people within it unless it led to people visiting off-site businesses and services. The point of the festival from the perspective of the town is to generate immediate revenue in terms of tourism then deferred revenue in terms of interest and later visits. What are the profits? â€Å"Estimated spending by Glastonbury Festivals associated with staging the 2007 festival was  £21.2million (over the period November 2006 to October 2007)† (Mendip, 2008). Subtracting the 21.2 million from the 52 million gross still leaves 30 million pounds made in one year. This is a tremendous amount of money for a town, for charity, and for businesses. The statistical breakdown for the attendance is also promising to indicate the benefit for tourism and exposure of Glastonbury culture. The visitor profile is more than three-quarters â€Å"other regions†, some of which will be out of England or the United Kingdoms. This means that the majority of the festival-goers are unlikely to regularly come to Glastonbury barring the festival. The rest come from all over England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. Only twenty three percent come from the Southwest England area that Glastonbury is in. However, the statistics indicate that almost no one comes from abroad. This is a major problem. Glastonbury needs to make sure that it promotes internationally if it seeks to keep attendance and revenue growing. Recent events have guaranteed profit for the festival. â€Å"The future of Glastonbury festival was secured for five years

Cystic Fibrosis Community Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cystic Fibrosis Community Assessment - Essay Example a) Sex and Age: This is a heterogeneous community comprising of both males and females in almost equal ratios. Majority of the members are adults and are married. b) Income levels: Most individuals in this community are in the middle class and lower class. Many live within $10 a day.c) Occupations: With a few exceptions of white collar jobs, over 60% of the working class categories do the blue collar jobs. However, most women are merely house-wives.d) Educational levels: Most adults of the age above 50 years have elementary education, especially the women. The youths are quite learned and most are in colleges.e) Ethnic identities: Ethnically, this community is fairly heterogeneous. Half of the population is composed of the Whites. The next lager ethnic is Hispanic Americans. The Asian-Americans are the least. f) Family structures: Most families are nuclear; a few are extended. However, single parent homes consisting of widows and unmarried mothers are very commong) Lifestyle behavior s that influence health status: Poor eating habits by most individuals suffering from Cystic Fibrosis have always worsened their conditions by igniting Diabetes. The youths who engage in drug and substance abuse and unprotected sex also risk serious health problems.h) Health status: The prevalence of Cystic Fibrosis has rendered most people sicki) Health concerns: It is always very hard for the lay community to identify the symptoms of CF, thus, suffer for a quite a long time before diagnosis.

Two pantings from the getty museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two pantings from the getty museum - Essay Example Both paintings are approximately from the same time period, with about 20 years difference between each other, both are allegorical, and both make an open and manifest reference to fields of knowledge through the humanization of concepts, personifying mentations. But there the similarities end. Van Mieris' diminutive Pictura is an oil-on-copper that displays a frequent simplicity in tandem with a minute attention to detail (see Getty Museum), typical of the Dutch art from the period, as well as the pearlescent finish in general achieved by using copper as a medium. It is a tiny portrait (5" x 3 ") of a young girl (Pictura, the art of painting in human form) who has an unobtrusive aura about her, whether worked in by Van Mieris or inherent to her nature, we will never know. In the crook of her left arm she holds a small figure, a white sculpture of a nude man that looks very Greco-Roman in its workmanship, possibly alluding to the rediscovery of classical antiquity -that is, an idealized vision of Greek and Roman culture- as a major factor for explaining the origin of the Renaissance (see "Classical"). Also in her left hand she holds a palette and some brushes. Her right hand is poised on a necklace from which a large mask pendant hangs.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 45

Case study - Essay Example Cost reduction capabilities help the company to minimize operational cost and other overheads. Bella enjoys technological capabilities by producing less sophisticated products that would sell easily for customers’ consumption. The first set back that fails Baton is the sudden departure of a project manager at St Louis. The human resource finds it complicated to recruit new individuals to occupy the vacant positions. Baton faces serious technical problems and sourcing issues such as pairing of Audio-to-Digital Converter (ADC) with a higher performing low noise amplifier. Asia does not manufacture a microcontroller making the company purchase it from America causing much delay and in effect raising the cost of acquisition. Conflict of interest between design and manufacturing sections contributed to Baton failure (Leonard &Young 2012). Bella India should take on project TKO and develop EKG because of the fast growing market despite the competition faced. The low costs of their products attract the customers. Services such as warranty would outdo the competitors. The management team has the knowledge of the market places ensuring penetration and conquering new markets. Organization’s strategies such as designing a simple and affordable portable equipment (2kg) that would connect a larger community gearing its

Evaluating Democratic values of graduate students in the both Research Paper

Evaluating Democratic values of graduate students in the both government and private universities of the UAE . an Educational L - Research Paper Example The students are selected in a non-random manner from two private and two government universities in Abu Dhabi. The data is collected using a quantitative questionnaire with Likert Style questions, and the data is analysed using excel spreadsheets. The research findings indicate that overall, the students lack in appreciation of democratic values. Also, students who are older, are female and have a future plan of joining the private sector are more likely to have democratic values and imbibe them in their educational lives. It is also found that the teachers do not encourage classroom democracy and the libraries and the campus are not considered to be democratic. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research Background 1.2 Research Questions 1.3 Research Objectives 1.4 Research Significance 1.5 Research Methods 1.6 Summary Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Democratic Values 2.3 Research on Classroom Democracy Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3 .2 Research Approach 3.3 Research Methods 3.4 Research Design 3.4.1 Sample 3.4.2 Data Collection Method 3.4.3 Data Collection Instrument 3.4.4 Data Analysis Method 3.5 Research Validity and Reliability 3.6 Ethical Considerations 3.7 Summary Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Findings 4.3 Summary Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 5.1 Research Conclusions 5.2 Recommendations 5.3 Research Limitations and Scope for Future Research List of Tables and Figures Table 1: Age Distribution an Democratic Values Table 2: Gender and Democratic Values Figure A: Scores on democratic values Figure 1: Right to Life Figure 2: Right to Liberty Figure 3: Belief in Common Good Figure 4: Right to Justice Figure 5: Right to Equality Figure 6: Belief in Respecting Diversity Figure 7: Belief in Popular Sovereignty Figure 8: Age Distribution of Respondents Figure 9: Democratic Values and Age Figure 10: Gender and Democratic Values Figure 11: Gender Distribution of Students Figure 1 2: Gender and Democratic Values Figure 13: Plans after Graduation Figure 14: Future Plans and Democratic Values Figure 15: Enabling Active Student Participation Figure 16: Avoid using Textbook Only Instructions Figure 17: Encourage Reflective Thinking Figure 18: Encourage Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Figure 19: Discussing Controversial Issues with Openness Figure 20: Encourage Individual Responsibilities Figure 21: Encourage recognition and respect for Human Dignity Appendix A: Research Questionnaire References Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research Background The UAE has been transitioning from an oil dependent country to a nation that has world class capabilities in almost all sectors of industry and services (Ibrahim, 2007). The transition from the oil-based economy to one that is more diverse requires that the country also develop a pool of indigenous and talented individuals that can take on the jobs and responsibilities to helm the companies in the near future (Godwin, 20 06). While traditionally, all sectors of the country are largely functional with the help of the foreign nationals and expatriate employees, the ultimate aim is to develop UAE nationals to take on these responsibilities at the earliest. Education therefore becomes an essential requirement for the country, and there is an overall focus and investment in this sector. The UAE is now focused on developing educational institutes and educational

Chapter 21, of A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess Essay

Chapter 21, of A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess - Essay Example He does not like to share his money with them and even says, â€Å"I don’t know, I don’t know. What it is is I don’t like just throwing away my hard-earned pretty polly, that’s what it is.† (Thrawn). His taste for the heavy classical music has changed for softer tunes. He comes to the realization that youth had just been a passing phase, something deceptively engaging like an animated toy, †¦like one of these malenky toys you viddy being sold in the streets, like little chellovecks made out of tin and with a spring inside and then a winding handle on the outside and you wind it up grr grr grr and off ititties, like walking, O my brothers. But it itties in a straight line and bangs straight into things bang bang and it cannot help what it is doing. Being young is like being like one of these malenky machines. (Thrawn) And as he tries to communicate his just-out-of-teenage wisdom to his imaginary son in a conversation that he shapes in his mind, he even realizes that his son will not understand it and behave exactly the way he did, given the circumstances, in his growing up years. His son’s son will not understand it either, if explained by the son, and that is the essential nature of youth that Alex comprehends in retrospection. The fact that Stanley Kubric decided not to make use of Chapter 21 in his movie version of the novel has raked a lot of debates regarding the omission of this chapter in the American publication. However, it can be argued that a movie, being a different medium of art that is dependent on its creator’s vision, may not have succeeded in expressing and conveying this powerful chapter the way the novel did. But for an introspective reader, the narrative style that has some shock value with the sheer use of nadsat, and the unconventional mode of storytelling thanks to the specific mental state of the narrator-protagonist and the bizarre futuristic events

Foreign Policy Toward Iraqi Refugees Essay Example for Free

Foreign Policy Toward Iraqi Refugees Essay In 2003, the US war in Iraq finally toppled Saddam Hussein’s dictatorial regime and freed the Iraqi people from the bondage of tyranny. However, the re-establishment of democratic processes and the road to achieving peace have led to perdition, as Islamist fundamentalism prevailed during the cultural-religious bestowal even at the time prior to Saddam’s reign of power. The victory of democracy in the installation of a new Iraqi government instilled the shadow of political unrest and extreme economic recession, in which the fall of Baghdad may have been buried in a deep grave. At present, the violence in Iraq is showing no sign of slowing down and majority of the Iraqi people continue to suffer tremendously as documented on this account : the UN estimates that 2. 6 million Iraqis have fled since 2003 ranging from 40,000 to 50,000 Iraqis leaves their homes every month; two million flees to nearby countries and about 1. 8 million of the civilian populace seek refuge in safer areas within Iraq, in which Syria and Jordan are among the countries directly helping the refugees for the past three years, and some have fled to Egypt, Lebanon, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Meanwhile, almost daily the media reports on the desolation of Iraqi. The Refugee International has accounted for series and continuing street crimes, the prevalence of business closures, human trafficking, and kidnap-for-ransom cases. In addition, the media said that the documentation of casualties and victims of similar crimes has to be reconciled with at large proportion due inability to locate substantial witnesses and the family of the victims. Goal Positioning The goal of this paper generally seeks to discuss and examine the continuing struggle for survival in Iraq. The product of examination shall be presented through a course of study pertaining to foreign policy toward Iraqi refugees. In particular, a holistic approach will be undertaken, to: (1) identify the extent and magnitude of mass evacuation of refugees, and (2) examine the availability of foreign policies that concern Iraqi refugees. In addition, the objective of the study is to address the long debatable issue on host country refugee adoption and to answer the question â€Å"why and how Iraqi refugees could be hosted by countries like the United States of America but neither by other European countries or in Asia? † This question plainly posits the feasible means of a foreign policy that could be adopted [if there once that exists,] in which this compendium could ventilate the avenues of legislation and to the meanest effort of influencing the public interest for policy initiatives. Background of Study The background of the study focuses on the sub-human conditions of the Iraqi people and their desire to flee from their homeland in exile as refugees. The background [based on the plight of the Iraqi refugees] will also discuss derivatives of study on foreign policies that evolve the goals of this paper. The additional consideration on the need for enabling a foreign policy for Iraqi refugees could indicate and can be comparatively analyzed with the proportion of violence that links the overall unaccounted number of Iraqi casualties. Thus, the initial indicator is based on the documented report that follows: (1) US military killed in Iraq is estimated at 3,973; (2) number of US troops wounded in combat since the war began is 29,203; (3) Iraqi Security Force deaths is 7,924; (4) Iraqi civilians killed is estimated at a range from 81,632 to 1,120,000; (5) internally displaced refugees in Iraq is estimated at 3. 4 million. On the other hand, as part of the documented report , the cost of war has accounted to; $526 billion to date, with a cost per day of $275 million and being estimated at a long- term bill of $3 trillion. In addition, Iraqi unemployment has grown from 25 to 40 percent. Literature Review A brief review of similar literatures will be discussed in this section in order to: (1) present the collection of initiatives and collaboration of international entities and governments for refugees, and (2) link the relevance to the process of this paper. Canada was tasked to assume the role of â€Å"gavel-holder† of the newly established Refugee Working Group (RWG) in January of 1992 as part of the design of the general Middle East peace process (MEPP) that created the Expert and Advisory Services Fund (EASF) as a Canadian involvement to the Middle East Multilateral Peace Process . The EASF is administered by Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC) with funding from the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) in partnership with the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT). The implementation of EASF for the period of March 2002-2008 works within key policy issues on refugees, in which EASF (Phase 3 IDRC) programs embark on the â€Å"compensation to Palestinian refugees as part of a comprehensive solution, challenges of repatriation and absorption, and gauging and engaging public opinion† . In a related finding, the Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service through its Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS) located in Qatar and the Institute for the Study of International Migration (ISIM) in Washington jointly conducted a study in 2007 regarding this for . The study showed that Iraqis in Jordan and Syria are beneficiaries of two opposing foreign policies, one is the tradition of Arab brotherhood which comprises a political and moral responsibility in providing refuge while the other is an option of Jordan and Syria not to integrate the Iraqis’ permanency . However, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) considers the Iraqis as â€Å"prima facie refugees† (being registered refugees) who were issued with â€Å"asylum seeker cards† in Jordan and refugee cards in Syria. The UN agencies and NGOs have provided immediate support to lessen the misery. Furthermore, the study team stated that â€Å"the war in Iraq is not limited to Iraq since it has intensely affected the Middle East region . However, according to a statement of a UK-based NGO, many refugees are denied asylum status, being degraded and are even called as â€Å"welfare scroungers† or â€Å"fake refugees† when they come to the UK . It is obvious that the US and UK’s War on Terror is marginalizing refugees still further as numerous legitimate political movements are labeled terrorist . In addition, based on the statement, the UK has curved entire migrant communities as terrorist suspects [in which the anti-terrorism laws have widened the classification of terrorism] encompassed with political activities even on those who are against oppressive regimes overseas . Moreover, the US government has recently released a press statement disclosing that about 12,000 Iraqi refugees will be admitted to US before the end of 2008. According to State Department’s Senior Adviser James Foley, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs’ Tony Edison and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Senior Adviser on Iraqi Refugee Issues’ Lori Scialabba, Iraqis were identified as potential candidates for emigration to the United States. After a year of redoubled efforts, all of the organizations involved in the process are working together to build a more effective refugee screening program . The three US officials further stated that the US has poured in $171 million in humanitarian assistance to displaced Iraqis both in and outside the country in 2007. However, the UN has appealed for $123 million in 2007 to $261 million for 2008 . Scope and Limitation The scope of work will be composed of a 2-prong method which are: (1) on-field and out- field research; within the scope of finding available and adequate materials as derivatives in the conduct of evaluation and the actual field validation of data and (2) study review in areas of fitting in the study parameters in view of legislative policy agenda for refugees in order to re-examine the gaps and further conduct of study. Considerably, the aspect of out-filed research may be limited only to accessing the available data sources, such as on-site interviews to various individuals or personalities and gathering of other data materials that are readily available. Perspectives It has been a glaring and presently debatable issue that Iraqi refugees pose a challenge to global governments and communities of progressive people. The parameters of the study believe that Iraq has not yet overcome the war. While it is true that Iraq was once a captive of political and religious dogmas, the country must still be retained to its sovereign people. The Iraqi refugees is a shame to the least part of developed and even underdeveloped world from Africa to Asian continents because in that part of Middle East lies a bleeding country characterized by the plagues of war. It is in this regard, the study envisions a perspective that would create and supplant the bondage and stigma of war from the life of the Iraqi people. The study also aims to map out the road to recovery, and through that, a foreign policy for Iraqi refugees may guide the ascendancy of moral values and responsibility in order to achieve peace in Middle East and the rest of the world. Conclusion It is clear the Iraqi people continue to walk on the road to perdition due to their long struggle of tyranny. It could be described that the misery after the fall of Baghdad has a continuum in despicable plight. The global partnership in restoring and retaining the democratic processes in Iraq may be a long process and difficult due to the intensely adverse cultural-religious entanglement. Nevertheless, it is necessary to first restore the people’s lives, specifically women, and children. Once this is achieved, it will be no longer hard to once again see the flourishing city of Baghdad where people co-exist in abundant life amidst the barren lands. Bibliography America. Gov, â€Å"United States to Welcome 12,000 More Iraqi Refugees in 2008† (February 06, 2008) [http://www. america. gov/st/peacesec- english/2008/February/20080206160027idybeekcm0. 824032. html] Erik Leaver and Jenny Shin, â€Å"The Iraq Quagmire†, Foreign Policy in Focus, Institute of Foreign Policy, Washington DC 20036. (March 4, 2008). [http://www. fpif. org/fpiftxt/5036] International Development Research Centre (IDRC), â€Å"Middle East Expert and Advisory Services Fund†, Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada (2008). [ http://www. idrc. ca/uploads/user-S/12060300201Microsoft_Word_- _EASF_Program_Profile__3__final. pdf] Kristele Younes, â€Å"The Iraqi Refugee Crisis†, Foreign Policy in Focus, Institute of Foreign Policy, Washington DC 20036 (March 14, 07). [http://www. fpif. org/fpiftxt/4059] Patricia Weiss Fagen, Iraqi Refugees: â€Å"Seeking Stability in Syria and Jordan†, Georgetown University Institute for the Study of International Migration (2007). [http://www12. georgetown. edu/sfs/isim/Publications/PatPubs/Iraqi%20Refugees. pdf] The Refugee Project, 44 Ainger Road, London, NW3 3AT (2008). [http://www. therefugeeproject. org/]

Reversible Photochromism: Effects and Applications

Reversible Photochromism: Effects and Applications 1. Introduction In this report I will be looking at the smart material property known as Reversible Photochromism. This property contains a range of chemicals that react to UV light. This report will explore a range of the effects of the compound, which will include a review of the applications of this property and the process that make them possible, by exploring the, Ring Process, method. This report will also include looking at general applications where Reversible Photochromism technology is being used and any future concepts, such as, smart materials/technology involving textiles, dyes and inks. Including existing products, such as, transition lenses, and how that technology can be used for greater achievements. 2. What is Photochromism? Photochromism is the reversible alteration of a chemical variety between two forms by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation, where the two forms have different absorption spectrum. This can be described as a reversible change of colour upon exposure to light. Where the current substance transforms into a different colour once exposed to UV light. Once the UV light is removed, the substance under goes a transformation into its original state. Interest in Photochromism was constant but limited until the 1940-1960 periods, which saw an increase of studies, particularly in the research groups of Hirshberg and Fischer in Israel. In 1950, Hirshberg suggested the term photochromism [from the Greek words: phos (light) and chroma (colour)] to describe the phenomenon. This is the name used today. The mechanism for Photochromism in plastic crystalline materials is shown below. (Closed Form) (Open Form) Photochromic colours/dyes are plastisol-based inks, which are off-white when not exposed to UV radiation. It gains colour when exposed to Sun light / UV light. The colour change is reversible, i.e., the colour will fade again and appear colour less or clear upon removal from UV light / sun light exposure. These inks are available in various colours; ranging from dark tones to bright pink. 3. How  are Photochromic Lenses Made? There is a vast range of different states Photochromism can be manipulated into. All of these states have extra compounds and particles. The most common Photochromic state is glass lenses. Photochromic lenses are lenses that darken on exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Once the UV is removed, for example by walking indoors, the lenses will slowly return to their clear state. Photochromic lenses may be made of glass, polycarbonate, or another plastic. The glass version of this type of lenses was first developed by Corning in the 1960s. More recently, plastic versions of these lenses have been commercialised. The first of these was the Photolite lens sold in the early 1980s. But the first commercially successful plastic Photochromic lens was introduced by Transitions Optical in 1991. The glass version of these lenses achieve their Photochromic properties through the embedding of microcrystalline silver halides (usually silver chloride), or molecules in a glass substrate. Plastic Photochromic lenses rely on organic Photochromic molecules to achieve the reversible darkening effect. The reason these lenses darken in sunlight but not indoors under artificial light, is that room light does not contain the UV found in sunlight. Transport windows also block UV so these lenses would darken less in a car. Lenses that darken in response to visible (rather than UV) light would avoid these issues, but they are not feasible for most applications. In order to respond to light, it is necessary to absorb it, thus the glass could not be made to be clear in its low-light state. This correctly implies Photochromic lenses are not entirely transparent; specifically they filter out UV light. This does not represent a problem, because the human eye does not see in the UV spectrum. With the Photochromic material dispersed in the glass substrate, the degree of darkening depends on the thickness of glass, which poses problems with variable-thickness lenses in prescription glasses. With plastic lenses, the material is normally embedded into the surface layer of the plastic. Typically, Photochromic lenses darken substantially in response to UV light in less than one minute, and then continue to darken very slightly. This can take 15 minutes. The lenses fade back to clear along a similar pattern. The lenses will begin to clear as soon as they are away from UV light, and will be noticeably lighter much quicker than the darkening process. However, it can take up to more than 20 minutes for the lenses to completely fade to their non-exposed state. Because Photochromic compounds fade back to their clear state by a thermal process, the higher the temperature, the less dark Photochromic lenses will be. This thermal effect is called temperature dependency and prevents these devices from achieving true sunglass darkness in very hot weather. In contrast, Photochromic lenses will get very dark in cold weather conditions; which makes them more suitable for snow skiers than sun worshippers while outside. Once inside, away from the triggering UV light, the cold lenses take longer to regain their clear colour than warm lenses. 4. The Chemical Compounds of Reversible Photochromism Photochromism can be manipulated into different states, liquids; gels, dyes and water like substance, and solids; thin plastic like films and pigment powders. The most common form of Photochromism is liquid dye. This dye is a clear substance that can be penetrated and manipulated into different forms. Dyes reversibly alter their colour upon exposure to ultraviolet sources. These chameleon-like dyes respond to natural solar irradiation as well as artificial sources such as 365 nanometer black light. When sunlight or ultraviolet (UV) radiation is applied, the Photochromic dye becomes excited and the molecular structure is changed allowing a colour to appear. When the stimulus (sunlight/UV radiation) is removed, the dye will return to a state of rest, which is its colourless form. Photochromic molecules are not reactive in their crystalline state and need to be dissolved in a solvent or polymer to function. A common feature of the Photochromic is a colourless isomer that contains a carbon-oxygen bond which dissociates with UV activation. The colourless isomer contains two localized pi systems that absorb only in the UV part of the spectrum. Hence, the molecule appears colourless. After the carbon-oxygen bond dissociates, the two pi systems change into a single delocalised pi system which absorbs in the visible part of the spectrum, causing colour formulation. The life of Photochromic material depends on the amount of Photochromic compound used, the stabilisers used and the material in which it is used. Generally, it is suggested that 0.1 gram per square foot be used to provide an adequate reservoir of Photochromic compound. The use of ultraviolet absorbers will also extend the life of the Photochromic, but will reduce the colour intensity. There are effectively two changes occurring simultaneously; a chemical change arises when the molecule is exposed to UV light that enables conjugation to take place throughout the molecule; a structural change also occurs to enable the overlap of molecules. Therefore, spatially, the molecules must be able to flatten out to allow this conjugation to take place. It is a fully reversible reaction so that when the light source is removed, the molecule returns to its uncoloured state. Heat can also help drive the reaction back to the uncoloured form, so in very hot conditions, there is always competition between light and heat to determine the given colour observed. In general, a colour change is still observed, albeit weaker than at room temperature. Similarly, in cold conditions in the presence of sunlight, an intense colour is observed as there is little or no competition from the back reaction. Such dyes incorporated within a sol-gel matrix can have several practical applications, such as optical switches (if the reversal is very fast) and optical storage for computer memory (if the reverse colour change is not possible at room temperature). Sol-gel Materials mixed with Photochromic dyes have also been investigated as fibre optic delay generators (Meer 1990), fibre optic shutters, and in Photomasking and Photoresist materials (Hawker 1993). Sol-gel based coatings may also be used for ophthalmic lenses such as scratch resistant coatings on sunglasses. The colouring changing process is described as the, ring opening/ring-closing process (Brown 1971) This is where the molecules lie flat in there closed form before UV radiation. In this state the substance is colourless. Once UV light is exposed to the substance, the molecules react by twisting, creating an open form. This open form causes the Photochromic dye to turn into a colour. Once the UV light is removed, the molecules twist back to their flat state, reversing back to the colourless substance. Depending on the intensity of the UV light and heat, the speed of which the reverse effect may vary. This process can be repeated many times; however the colour will become less and eventually dim. New Photochromic dyes are now being introduced to slow the fading effect and eventually stop it. Scientists can create different colours of Photochromic dyes by mixing Photochromic pigment powder. In their pure state, Photochromic dyes are powdered crystals that must be dissolved in the inks to which they are added. Some manufacturers microencapsulate the Photochromic dye in their own system, as with leucodye microcapsules. Microencapsulating Photochromic systems enables them to be used in inks that cannot dissolve them, such as water-based systems. Even on cloudy days, Photochromic dyes exhibit bright colour changes when taken outdoors. (Just as with lenses) The colour you see may differ slightly on very hot days or if a UV lamp, rather than sunlight, is used to excite the materials. 5. Organic Photochromism Fritzsche reported in 1867 the bleaching of an orange-coloured solution of tetracene in the daylight and the regeneration of the colour in the dark. Later, Meer found a change of colour of the potassium salt of dinitroethane in the solid state (yellow in the dark; red in the daylight). Another early example was published by Phipson, who noted that a painted gate post appeared black all day and white all night (due to a zinc pigment). Research and experiments into organic photochromism has enabled the photochromic process to be used on plastic and other materials. However, organic photochromism is controversial, as this goes beyond the domain of variable optical transmission and includes a number of reversible physical phenomena such as optical memories and switches, variable electrical current, ion transport through membranes, variable wet ability, etc. For this purpose, organic photochromic compounds are often incorporated in polymers and liquid crystalline materials. 6. The Chemical Process of Organic Photochromism Organic Photochromic materials consist of a polymer matrix of optical quality having a refractive state and at least one dye that imparts Photochromic properties to the matrix. A dye must be selected from a group consisting of spiropyrans and chromenes. This compound is then put under intense radiation to form Organic Photochromism. This then can be placed in specialist lenses and materials. 7. Organic Photochromism in Cosmetics In general cosmetic materials, Organic Photochromism is being used in cosmetic and related formulations. Colouration has been employed as a cosmetic device for many centuries (Farrer-Halls, 2007) Materials and methods for achieving predictable and safe cosmetic colouration are being continually explored and improved as evidenced by the large and expanding worldwide cosmetic business. Materials which change colour under the influence of light, i.e. photochromics, can be designed on the molecular level to interact with light to maintain, or even evolve a particular colouration. These materials can be designed to maintain a particular cosmetic look as the ambient lighting changes or as the user moves from place to place. It may be advantageous for the Photochromic response to be reversible. The influence of water can be anticipated and pH balance must be incorporated into the overall system design. It would be advantageous to design a class of materials for which ambient office light, or highly directed light such as in a tanning booth, or even laser light, could be utilised, each creating and imparting a particular predictable cosmetic look. There are, of course, many organic Photochromic materials. However, by necessity, to have a strong absorption feature in the visible part of the spectrum which could be the basis for an effective cosmetic colouration system, the molecular structure often contains a delocalised pi electron system (Farrer-Halls, 2007) Molecules having bonding features associated with such electronic structure, e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, coal tar products, azo dyes, quinoline, and like molecules with or without fused heterocycles, are often carcinogenic and so less desirable or unacceptable as candidates for use as cosmetics as Gill Farrer-Halls (2007, pg2) claims in her book, Naturals and Organics in Cosmetics Many types of organic molecules penetrate the skin barrier and so pose increased toxicity risk. This is a major problem because it would require more complicated testing and evaluation to establish the risk of such materials. Inorganic materials are well known which, because of their insolubility in water and their relatively large particle size, do not penetrate the stratum comeum to any major extent. For example, rouge, being iron oxide, and titanium-dioxide are two widely used oxides with well established safety history (Farrer-Halls, 2007) In fact, most metal oxides, with the possible exception of those used close to the eyes, are more likely ingested, and therefore dangerous if the particles are breathed. There is, therefore, a negligible risk if the oxides are immobilised in a cosmetic formulation. The objective of the design is to identify metal oxides, metal bronzes, and protein based Photochromic systems (materials) which combine novel cosmetic properties with sun blocking. (Farrer-Halls, 2007 pg5) Organic Photochromic systems have novel applications in cosmetics because the colouration they supply can be accented and softened and otherwise manipulated by the application of light, allowing greater control and range of effect than for a single colour application. Conventional colouration, i.e. rouge, can only be manipulated by mechanical means, i.e. rubbing and spreading. In addition to using these materials for their pleasing colouration effects, they can also be used as an actinometer/dosimeter that a person can use to gauge his/her exposure to bright sunlight or in other tanning/burning settings. The concept is based upon the use of the intrinsic Photochromic properties of certain solid transition metal oxides for cosmetic and sun blocking effects. The solid metal oxides suitable for use in this invention are those which undergo Photo induced and thermo enhanced loss of gas phase O2 to produce mixed valence oxides and include WO3, V2 O5, TiO2 and MoO3 (Farrer-Halls, 2007) A particular oxide can be operationally established for any possible choice of oxide by exposing a possible candidate oxide to blue-green or shorter wavelength light under vacuum and observing whether a colour change occurs. In some cases, the oxide is doped with an alkali metal ion or proton to enhance the colour change. As described above, tungsten and molybdenum oxide, and oxides of other metals, and bronzes derived from such oxides, constitute a broad class of materials having potential application as Organic Photochromic sun block/cosmetics. These materials are well known in the context of Photochromic optical data storage media and they offer an excellent match with the very properties needed for cosmetic applications. This relates to the adaptation of the class of tungsten and molybdenum oxide-photochromics to sun blocking/dosimetry, energy storage, and cosmetic colouration (Farrer-Halls, 2007) 8. Photochromic Textiles Photochromism in textiles seems to be a long and complicated process. However it is rather a simple method to produce dyes and inks that can be transformed into fibre to create textiles that react to UV light. Generally the colour-change inducing light has a wavelength in the visible or near visible range. Other factors which may affect the colour of these pigments have been cited by Glyn Phillips (1997 pg 4) include, temperature, moisture, electricity, and gases. Photochromic pigments have previously been applied to textiles by coating processes. Such coated textiles have aesthetic qualities associated with the Photochromic pigments. However, these textiles are not sufficiently colour-fast and their aesthetic qualities are easily destroyed by soiling. Mentioned previously, each time the colour changes due to the reaction of UV light, the colour intensity drops to eventually no apparent change will take place. It has now been discovered that Photochromic pigments can be blended into resinous fibers, yarns or non-woven textiles without substantial loss of Photochromic properties. The dye used can be introduced into this process from a master pigment batch obtained by mixing chromogenic pigments with a low melting polymer. (Phillips, 1997 pg. 5) In the process, the dye is blended with resin (the primary resin) and the mixture is processed into textiles by spinning and drawing or by the spin-bond process. The textiles manufactured by this process are advantageous over the prior method coated products in that the resultant Photochromic pigment-containing textiles are more durable (e.g., more colour-fast), more brightly pigmented, easily laundered after staining (e.g., by soil, solvents or oil) and readily woven directly into the desired fashion. Generally, conventional methods of blending polymers and dyes and of extruding synthetic fibers or non-woven textiles are used in this process. Blending can be done in a fusion type metric mixer, a volumetric type mixer or a weight type mixer. (Phillips, 1997 pg 7) The processes that may be used to manufacture the fibers or non-woven textiles include spinning and drawing processes, continuous spin-draw processes and spun-bond processes for the manufacture of non-woven textiles. However, these processes are modified in accordance with the concept/product such that the Photochromic dye is not subjected to a temperature in excess of about 250 ° C. Preferably, the Photochromic dye is introduced into the polymer mixing process in a master batch of polymer-encapsulated dye pellets. Such Photochromic dye pellets have been described, Generally, the amount of pigment in the masterbatch is from 1 to 10%, preferably from about 2 to 7%. (Phillips, 1997 pg 8) The use of dye pellets in place of directly adding dye facilitates uniform mixing and enhances the the overall process. For use in the production of synthetic fibers or non-woven textiles containing Photochromic pigments, the master batch is mixed with a primary resin, which may or may not be the same as the carrier resin in the master batch. The amount of masterbatch blended with the primary resin ranges from 1:2 to 1:100. The resins used as the primary resin are those with a melting point between about 105 ° C. and about 215 ° C. (Phillips 1997 pg 8) Useful resins include, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefins copolymers and terpolymers. Additional fillers and pigments, such as talc, silica, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, and conventional organic pigments, may be added either to the master batch or during the final fiber or non-woven textile manufacture process. 9. General Applications General applications of Photochromism can be divided into two categories: a) Those directly related to the change in absorption or emission spectra such as variable transmission optical materials, optical information storage, cosmetics, authentication systems, and flow field visualisation. b) Those related to other physical or chemical property changes such as refractive index, electric conductivity, phase transitions, solubility, viscosity, and surface wet ability. Photochromic can now be used in many areas of design. As photochromism has a wide range of solid states, from textiles to glass, (but only one function) most products which use this process are novel. Here are some examples; On garments to create novel products and promotional items like T-shirts On fabric/garment to print company logo / brand name to prevent duplication On garment which are used for party wear Thermometers and temperature indicators Security printing Food industry to indicate temperature of packaged food Photochromic substances can be found in inks, paints, papers and textiles. This property is a boon for scientists doing research on intelligent textiles and smart materials where they are making use of this property to store data on the surface of textile fabrics and polymer sheets. (Whereas the same property of some reactive dyes; is a bane for textile processors. The change in shade after dyeing creates unwanted problems in dyeing) An optical recording medium contains, on a base, one or more dyes and a polymer which forms liquid-crystalline phases. The information is written into the equally oriented liquid-crystalline polymer layer, for example by means of a laser. During this procedure, the polymer heats up locally to above a phase transition temperature. By cooling, the resulting change is frozen in the glass state. The information can be erased by applying an electric field and/or heating. The recording material permits high-contrast storage and possesses high sensitivity, good resolution and excellent stability. There are other chromatic properties called electrochromatism and thermochromatism of dyes that are affected by electric field and heat respectively. 10. Future Products The first Photochromic eye lens is being developed by scientists in Singapore, the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN), the worlds first bioengineering and nanotechnology research institute. This lens is another world first. The IBN has developed a Photochromic contact lens that will darken upon exposure to sunlight to protect the eyes against harmful ultraviolet radiation and glare. The lenses will conveniently adapt to changes in light and provide optimal indoor and outdoor vision. The IBN scientists also claim that this will help treat eye diseases by incorporating medication into the lens which can deliver medication effectively rather than eye drops. Another future product is Photochromic windows at home and workplaces. These windows will change colour when exposed to UV light from the sun, which will in return make home/workplace cooler and a more comfortable place to be in. Reversible Photochromic textiles have been around for 20 years, (mainly on novel garments) designers and scientists are trying to convert this technology into safety equipment and garments. The only drawback to this concept is that to make the product work during the night, when these safety garments are more needed. Photochromic relies on UV light to work effectively. Unless car head-lights radiate UV, this wont work, and car head-lights giving off UV light is a whole and completely different matter. As mentioned above in general applications, scientist can record and store data using Photochromic dyes. This data can be stored onto any material surface, but at the moment only being used on textiles. This technology has a huge amount of potential. Imagine the data on a personal USB device being stored onto a piece of fabric that the user can roll up into a pocket. The technology can be manipulated to give data back to the user through many objects. The user could watch/read the news on the users glasses; receive emails and correspondence and perhaps even text messages. The only drawback is responding to them. 11. Conclusion Photochromic technology has an immense amount of potential to create new products and in some cases a whole new lifestyle. Scientists can now manipulate Photochromic technology into most applications. Controlling the colour result of Reversible Photochromic is in itself a great achievement. Instead of a dull tone of grey, the colour can be anything from bright green to pink. Making Photochromic available in different materials, from glass to liquid, including textiles, makes this technology unique. Experimentation in novel-products, such as, T -Shirts that change colour when exposed to sun light, has enabled scientists to understand the chemical compounds and how to manipulate them to suit a concept. Now Photochromic technology is being used in more sophisticated ways, such as, the eye contact lens and storing data. This beak through in new technology can have fantastic results for future generations. It will affect the way people work and learn.

Deception in Jonsons Volpone Essay examples -- Jonson Volpone

Deception in Volpone In Volpone, Ben Jonson emphasizes the fun and the humor of deceit, but he does not overlook its nastiness, and in the end he punishes the deceivers. The play centers around the wealthy Volpone, who, having no wife or children, pretends to be dying and, with the help of his wily servant Mosca, eggs on several greedy characters, each of whom hopes to be made Volpone's sole heir. Jonson's ardent love of language reveals itself throughout the play, but especially in the words of Mosca and Volpone, who relish the deceptive powers of language. Volpone himself pursues his schemes partly out of greed, but partly out of his passionate love of getting the best of people. He cannot resist the temptation to outsmart those around him, particularly when fate delivers him such perfect gulls as the lawyer Voltore, the merchant Corvino, the doddering old Corbaccio, and the foolish English travelers Sir Politic and Lady Would-Be. Mosca too revels in his ability to beguile others, remarking "I fear I s hall begin to grow in love / With my dear self," so thrilled is he with his own manipulations. His self-love, however, proves his undoing, as it does for Volpone. Both characters become so entranced by their own elaborate fictions that they cannot bring themselves to stop their scheming before they betray themselves. Jonson's audience would have recognized both the wily Volpone and the parasitical Mosca as stereotypically Italian. English playwrights frequently borrowed characters from Italian drama and from Italy's comic dramatic tradition, the commedia dell'arte. Venice, the setting for Volpone, evoked the glory of Italian art and culture, but also Italy’s decadence and corruption, which the English view... ...trations were well known to be more than just "a little obscene," as she says. We are encouraged to laugh with Volpone and Mosca at the pretensions and hypocrisies of Lady Would-Be and the other ever-hopeful "heirs"; but ultimately Jonson chooses to punish the deceivers and asks us to side, however reluctantly, with the Venetian Senate in condemning them. Voltore, Corvino, and the others may richly deserve to be tricked, but Volpone and Mosca are not agents of justice, and we must not confuse them with such truly virtuous characters as Celia and Bonario. Nevertheless, Jonson gives Volpone the last word in the play's Epilogue, where Volpone asks our forgiveness, and we find ourselves in complicity with him once again. We are invited in the end to revel in the delightfulness of deception, and of language, and to suspend, if only briefly, our moral judgments.

Human Nature in Penn Warrens All the Kings Men :: essays research papers

Princes rescue princesses, they fall in love, conquer all evil and live happily ever after. While perhaps this is the sort of story the literary public likes to read, according to Robert Penn Warren it is not reality. Penn Warren wrote his 1946 novel, All the King’s Men as a realistic and satiric play on the life of the real historical politician, Huey Long. Among his other achievements of being an author, poet, and scholar, Penn Warren can also be considered something of a political philosopher. In forming one of his theories, he directly contradicts the ideas of philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau who believed that human nature was good and it was a corrupt society that made an evil person. In contrast, Penn Warren uses his writing to suggest that the only reason society is corrupt is that it was developed by an inherently evil mankind. The idea of a carnal man is illustrated in All the King’s Men through theories presented by Penn Warren’s colorful cast o f principle characters. Many characters throughout the book, the most prevalent being the cynical narrator, Jack Burden, allude to the massive struggle for power that ensues, as well as the inevitable decay thereof among the political giants in All the King’s Men. While Jack gives the pretense of imperviousness, he is sensitive to the signals even as he excuses them. â€Å"Doesn’t it all boil down to this? If the government of this state for quite a long time had been doing anything for the folks in it, would Stark†¦be making so many short cuts to get something done to make up for the time lost all these years in not getting something done?† (125). Jack recognizes that men are corruptible by power, but he justifies this because of the results corruption seems to produce. By the end, however, he comes to better realize that the results are not really auspicious. Power can be used to strive toward worthy goals, and often those goals are achieved to much acclaim, but the end re sult seldom comes to a positive effect. Similar to Jack’s conclusion, the main political figure in the story, Willie Stark, suggests that his corruption is irrelevant because it is justified by his accomplishments. â€Å"†¦It’s dirt that makes the grass grow. A diamond ain’t a thing in the world but a piece of dirt that got awful hot†¦It all depends on what you do with the dirt† (45).

Hybrid Cars and the Reduction of Air Pollution Essay -- Environment Ec

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current vehicles that are powered by gasoline pollute, but as technologies improve and the human way of life changes alternatively powered vehicles enter the automotive industry. These vehicles were developed to achieve better gas mileage and to help slow the production of the gasses that cause Global Warming. The hybrid vehicle is one of the most popular alternatively powered vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles are energy efficient cars or trucks that run on an internal combustion engine of a gas vehicle with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle. This results in twice the fuel economy of gas vehicles. These hybrid electric vehicles consume fewer natural resources than gas vehicles and produce almost no emission fumes compared to the standard gas vehicle. Hybrid cars are one solution to preserving air quality for the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hybrid electric cars were created because of the shortfall in battery technology. The batteries that were being made could not produce enough power. These batteries would not sustain long trips with the car. To work around this and onboard generator, powered by an internal combustion engine could be used for long trips. These cars became known as hybrid electric vehicles that are now being mass-produced by companies like Toyota and Honda. When the vehicle starts and travels at city street speeds less than 30 miles per hour the electric motor does the greatest amount of the work. As the cars power sources begins to lose some of its energy the backup gasoline engine starts. This function is similar to how gasoline cars work, with the alternator using the engine's power to recharge the battery. After the power supply is replenished the gasoline engine shuts down. Also the gasoline engine is used to power the vehicle as it reaches the higher speeds where the added hor sepower is needed. Usually the speed at which the gasoline engine starts is in the 30 mile per hour range. Even as the gasoline engine runs the electric motor continues to provide power for the vehicle. This vehicle combination in my opinion is beneficial economically and environmentally. Using the hybrid electric vehicle will reduce smog-forming pollutants and cut emissions of global-warming pollutants by a third to a half. The average gas vehicle will pose substantial economic, environmental and energy security issue for the U.S. and all nati... ...ing down the pollutants in the air. The hybrid cars will help to clean the air for the future and help to stop greenhouse gases that are generated by gasoline engine cars. The hybrid electric vehicle allows for almost zero emission gases released from it. The hybrid electric car will be able to use fossil fuels better and make them last longer. With a hybrid electric vehicle the vehicle gets better gas mileage than a typical gasoline fed engine. In doing this a hybrid vehicle will make the resources last longer and will not use them up as fast as they are now. The reductions that the hybrid electric vehicle will make in the emissions problem will be one that is looked upon as a revolution towards helping the planet. As a human it is our right to live in a sustainable environment and with the production of this car maybe in the future the air will be sustainable and not cause any problems. Works Cited â€Å"Emissions Trading: A new weapon in project finance†. /29/2009. http://www.econews.org/new_weapon.html Robinson, Aaron. â€Å"Toyota Pruis†. Car & Driver March 2010. Vol. 46 Issue 9 p69. â€Å"Honda Insight/Toyota Prius Comparison†.8/28/11. http://www.insightcentral.net/prius.html Hybrid Cars and the Reduction of Air Pollution Essay -- Environment Ec   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current vehicles that are powered by gasoline pollute, but as technologies improve and the human way of life changes alternatively powered vehicles enter the automotive industry. These vehicles were developed to achieve better gas mileage and to help slow the production of the gasses that cause Global Warming. The hybrid vehicle is one of the most popular alternatively powered vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles are energy efficient cars or trucks that run on an internal combustion engine of a gas vehicle with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle. This results in twice the fuel economy of gas vehicles. These hybrid electric vehicles consume fewer natural resources than gas vehicles and produce almost no emission fumes compared to the standard gas vehicle. Hybrid cars are one solution to preserving air quality for the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hybrid electric cars were created because of the shortfall in battery technology. The batteries that were being made could not produce enough power. These batteries would not sustain long trips with the car. To work around this and onboard generator, powered by an internal combustion engine could be used for long trips. These cars became known as hybrid electric vehicles that are now being mass-produced by companies like Toyota and Honda. When the vehicle starts and travels at city street speeds less than 30 miles per hour the electric motor does the greatest amount of the work. As the cars power sources begins to lose some of its energy the backup gasoline engine starts. This function is similar to how gasoline cars work, with the alternator using the engine's power to recharge the battery. After the power supply is replenished the gasoline engine shuts down. Also the gasoline engine is used to power the vehicle as it reaches the higher speeds where the added hor sepower is needed. Usually the speed at which the gasoline engine starts is in the 30 mile per hour range. Even as the gasoline engine runs the electric motor continues to provide power for the vehicle. This vehicle combination in my opinion is beneficial economically and environmentally. Using the hybrid electric vehicle will reduce smog-forming pollutants and cut emissions of global-warming pollutants by a third to a half. The average gas vehicle will pose substantial economic, environmental and energy security issue for the U.S. and all nati... ...ing down the pollutants in the air. The hybrid cars will help to clean the air for the future and help to stop greenhouse gases that are generated by gasoline engine cars. The hybrid electric vehicle allows for almost zero emission gases released from it. The hybrid electric car will be able to use fossil fuels better and make them last longer. With a hybrid electric vehicle the vehicle gets better gas mileage than a typical gasoline fed engine. In doing this a hybrid vehicle will make the resources last longer and will not use them up as fast as they are now. The reductions that the hybrid electric vehicle will make in the emissions problem will be one that is looked upon as a revolution towards helping the planet. As a human it is our right to live in a sustainable environment and with the production of this car maybe in the future the air will be sustainable and not cause any problems. Works Cited â€Å"Emissions Trading: A new weapon in project finance†. /29/2009. http://www.econews.org/new_weapon.html Robinson, Aaron. â€Å"Toyota Pruis†. Car & Driver March 2010. Vol. 46 Issue 9 p69. â€Å"Honda Insight/Toyota Prius Comparison†.8/28/11. http://www.insightcentral.net/prius.html

Terminal Data Capability

Terminal Data Capability [What is it? ] – Generally, It is a data element that stores information particularly on terminal that can be individually addressed by tag ID. Data element resident in the terminal shall be under control of one of the following parties:†¢ Terminal manufacturer: For example, IFD Serial Number†¢ Acquirer/Agent: For example, Merchant Category Code†¢ Merchant: For example, Local Date and Local Time (these may be controlled by either merchant or acquirer)Terminal should be constructed in such a way that data which is under control of acquirer is only initialised and updated by the acquirer (or its agent).[Types] 1. Application Independent[1] Data:†¢ Terminal related data†¢ Transaction related data -Unique to terminal. -Shall have parameters initialised so that it can identify what language(s) supported to process the card’s language preference.2. Application Dependent[2] Data: [Characteristic] – A terminal data shall be initialized in the terminal or obtainable at the time of a transaction. A terminal data can be of any format: alphabetic, numeric to binary. – Some terminal data serves as a constant whereas the rest is updatable. – Each terminal data has its own functionality and usage which facilitates an EMV transaction. – The dependency of the terminal data in application indicates how data management is done in terminal. – During the transaction, the terminal shall ignore any data object coming from the ICC which is terminal-sourced or issuer-sourced. [How it involved in EMV] Transaction (Exchange/Supply Data to ICC) Counter Record (updatable) ComparableReference Notes: Terminal data element, ICC data element, Issuer data element, EMV function. [Counter] [Record] Cardholder Verification Method (CVM) Results: – Being set/updated upon Cardholder Verification completion. [P102B3] – Consists of 3 bytes: CVM Performed, CVM Condition, and CVM Result. †“ There are 5 applicable CVMs in Cardholder Verification: Online PIN, Offline PIN, Signature, No CMV Required, and Combo CVM (2 CVM combination). – After a successful CVM, CVM Results reflect the successful CVM; an unsuccessful CVM, CVM Results reflect the unsuccessful CVM. Byte 3 of CVM Results is set to ‘successful’, IFF: i. Applicable CVM is ‘No CVM required’, and terminal supports it. ii. Offline PIN verification by the ICC is successful. – Byte 3 of CVM Results is set to ‘unknown’, IFF: i. Applicable CVM is ‘Signature’, and terminal supports it. ii. Online PIN verification is successful. – Byte 3 of CVM Results is set to ‘failed’, IFF: i. Previous applicable CVM is failed, and succeeding (last) application CVM failed as well. – Byte 1 and byte 2 of CVM Results indicate method and condition of the last performed CVM throughout CMV List.In addition, byte 2 is set to ‘00’ (N o meaning) IFF byte 1 is ‘3F’ (No CVM performed). – Table 2: shows all the possible failed/unknown CVM Results. [P49P121B4] Terminal Verification Result (TVR) Initialized to 0: Initiate Application Processing Function: Offline Data Authentication, Processing Restrictions, Cardholder Verification, Terminal Risk Management, Online Processing, Issuer-to-Card Script Processing. Use in analysis: Terminal Action Analysis. Description: Status of different function as seen from terminal. Diagram: [P165B4], TVR bytes breakdown: TVR byte |EMV Function |Status jotted on bits |When will it be set | | | |RFU |Reserved for future use | | | | | | | | | | | |1 |Offline Data | | | | |Authentication | | | | | |RFU | | | | |CDA failed |If CDA is performed but unsuccessful. [P44B4] | | | |DDA failed |If DDA is performed but unsuccessful. | | | |Card appears on terminal exception (set at Terminal Risk |If a match on presence card (Application PAN and Application PAN | | | |Management ) |Sequence Number) is found in the exception file. | | |ICC data missing (Can be set at any function) |When an optional data object that is required because of the | | | | |existence of other data objects or that is required to support | | | | |functions that must be performed (AIP) is missing. | | | |SDA failed |If SDA is performed but unsuccessful. | | | |Offline Data Authentication was not performed |If neither SDA nor DDA nor CDA is performed. | | |RFU | | | | | |Reserved for future use | |2 | | | | | |Processing Restriction | | | | | |RFU | | | | |RFU | | | | |New Card (set at Terminal Risk Management) |If Last Online ATC Register == 0. [P113B3] | | | Requested service not allowed for card product |If all test against Issuer Country Code and Terminal Country Code | | | | |fail. [T32B4] | | | |Application not yet effective |If Transaction Date > Application Effective Date | | | |Expired application |If Transaction Date > Application Expiration Date | | | |ICC and terminal have different application versions |If AVN in ICC ? AVN in Terminal. | | |RFU |Reserved for future use | | | | | | |3 | | | | | |Cardholder Verification| | | | | |RFU | | | | |Online PIN entered |If online PIN is successfully entered. | | | |PIN entry required, PIN pad present, but PIN was not entered |If CVM is online/offline PIN, but bypassed by terminal in the | | | | |direction of merchant or cardholder. | | |PIN entry required and PIN pad not present or not working |If CVM is online/offline PIN, but neither of them were supported | | | | |by terminal or malfunctioned PIN pad. | | | |PIN Try Limit exceeded |If PIN Try Counter < 1. | | | |Unrecognised CVM |If CVM is not recognized by terminal. | | | |Cardholder Verification was not successful |If CVM List is exhausted without any successful case or applicable| | | | |CVM indicates ‘Fail CVM Processing’. | | |RFU | | | | | |Reserved for future use | |4 | | | | | |Terminal Risk | | | | |Management | | | | | |RFU | | | | |R FU | | | | |Merchant forced transaction online |An attended terminal may allow an attendant to force a transaction| | | | |online, such as in a situation where the attendant is suspicious | | | | |of the cardholder. If this function is performed, it should occur | | | | |at the beginning of the transaction. | | |Transaction selected randomly for Online Processing | | | | |Upper Consecutive Offline Limit exceeded |If ATC ? Last Online ATC Register (Precautious) or | | | | |If (ATC – Last Online ATC Register) > Upper Consecutive Offline | | | | |Limit. [P113B3] | | | |Lower Consecutive Offline Limit exceeded |If ATC ?Last Online ATC Register (Precautious) or | | | | |If (ATC – Last Online ATC Register) > Lower Consecutive Offline | | | | |Limit. [P113B3] | | | |Transaction exceeds floor limit |If (Amount, Authorize + Amount stored in log) > Terminal Floor | | | | |Limit. Or if (Amount, Authorize) > appropriate Terminal Floor | | | | |Limit. P111B3] | | | |RFU | | | | | | Reserved for future use | |5 | | | | | | |RFU | | | | |RFU | | | | |RFU | | | |Script Processing |Script Processing failed after final GENERATE AC |If an error occurred while ICC processing Issuer Script Template | | | | |1. | | | |Script Processing failed before final GENERATE AC |If an error occurred while ICC processing Issuer Script Template | | | | |2. | |Online Processing |Issuer authentication failed |When Issuer Authentication Data (part of authorisation response | | | | |message) from Issuer sent to ICC via EXTERNAL AUTHENTICATE/ second| | | | |GENERATE AC command failed, i. e. (SW1 SW2)! = 9090. [P120B3] | | | |Default TDOL used |If TDOL in ICC not presented and Default TDOL in terminal is used | | | | |to generate TC Hash Value. | Transaction Status Information (TSI) Initialized to 0: Initiate Application Processing Function: Offline Data Authentication, Cardholder Verification, Terminal Risk Management, Card Action Analysis, Online Processing, Issuer-to-Card Script Proce ssing. TSI byte |EMV Function |Status jotted on bits |When will it be set | | | |RFU |Reserved for future use | | | | | | | | | | | |1 | | | | | | |RFU | | | | |Script Processing was performed |If CDA is performed but unsuccessful. P44B4] | | | |Terminal Risk Management was performed |If DDA is performed but unsuccessful. | | | |Issuer Authentication was performed |If | | | |Card Risk Management was performed |When an | | | |Cardholder Verification was performed |If SDA is performed but unsuccessful. | | | |Offline Data Authentication was performed |If neither SDA nor DDA nor CDA is performed. | | |RFU | | | | | |Reserved for future use | |2 | | | | | | |RFU | | | | |RFU | | | | |New Card (set at Terminal Risk Management) |If Last Online ATC Register == 0. [P113B3] | | | |Requested service not allowed for card product |If all test against Issuer Country Code and Terminal Country Code | | | | |fail. T32B4] | | | |Application not yet effective |If Transaction Date > Application Effect ive Date | | | |Expired application |If Transaction Date > Application Expiration Date | | | |ICC and terminal have different application versions |If AVN in ICC ? AVN in Terminal. | [Comparable] [Reference] Array {What is it? } In data storage, an array is a method for storing information on multiple devices. In general, an array is a number of items arranged in some specified way – for example, in a list of in a three-dimensional table.In computer programming languages, an array is a group of objects with the same attributes that can be addressed individually, using such techniques as subscripting. An array is a collection of similar elements, must have the same data type. In random access memory (RAM), an array is the arrangement of memory cells. {Characteristic} You need an index to locate their value. The index starts from 0 and end with the length – 1. Data in array must be in same data type. {What is its implementation? } List, queue, stack, link list. —à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [1] No matter what application is selected, its data will not be affected. [2] If an application changed, its value changed as well. ———————–Data Authentication Terminal Action Analysis Terminal Risk Management Read Application Data Online/ Offline Decision Processing Restriction ‘()34*[pic]hK? hAKyjhK? 0J;*[pic]U[pic]hY}_hY}_;*[pic]h;q;*[pic] h;qh;qh:[5? CJaJhm†¡Initiate Application Completion Script Processing Online processing & Authorization message request Card Action Analysis Cardholder Verification Data Authentication Terminal Action Analysis Terminal Risk Management Read Application Data Online/ Offline Decision Processing Restriction Initiate Application Completion Script Processing Online processing & Authorization message request Card Action Analysis Cardholder Verification

Walmart Essay

Alex Manco Professor McEachern English 112 30 September 2011 To the Zoning Board of Trumbull, The Wal-Mart The modern day market has taken some interesting turns with innovations such as the television, the car, and internet. While the moral values of such turns has always been in question, it is no question that every major corporation has taken efficiency to a new level. Corporations like McDonalds, GE, and Bank of America have completely dominated the market with not only their vast resources and effective marketing systems, but by people simply knowing they exist.While most of these businesses have not gotten much more powerful in past decade due to government regulation of competition, there is one business that continues to grow at a dangerous rate: Wal-Mart. It has now become apparent that its growth has reached Trumbull, Connecticut and in no way should a Wal-Mart be built in our community. It is not even a matter of the problems our town would face as much as it is a moral w rong to the world as a whole. Wal-Mart may be â€Å"legal† in our â€Å"free-market† economy, but economics are never that simple and must be treated very carefully.It would not only ruin businesses in the area, but exercise the power of corporations whose business tactics seem unstoppable to modern regulation. The Wal-Mart is not only store, but an inevitable business tactic that will decimate the economy in both the short and long term. Wal-Mart’s rise to power is interesting and uncomforting in how quickly it flourished. The first store was opened in 1962 by Sam Walton in Rogers, Arkansas. By 1970, there were 38 stores, and by 1975, there were 125. In 1983, Wal-Mart had made its eighth year in a row as Forbes Magazine’s 1# retailer.In 1985, 882 stores had already been built, and in the next 10 years would reach a stunning 1,995 stores. Currently, there are 8,970 Wal-Marts; an average of 50 a state, and this number continues to grow. The story of Wal-Ma rt is truly nothing short of business success story, but the speed of its success is slightly unnerving. So what do you think would be the result of building this Wal-Mart in town? I suppose it would open maybe around 60 jobs tops in town, but a majority of the jobs would be minimum wage jobs.Raising the employment rate of your town has nothing to do with the actual quality of the town, and that’s saying that all the people hired come from our town. Also, studies have shown that Wal-Mart generally pay their employees 25-28% less than other retail/grocery stores (Dube, Lester & Eidlin 559). Maybe teenagers will have a bit more money, but the jobs that Wal-Mart creates have little impact on the flow of money. In fact, building a Wal-Mart would only hurt the flow of money in our town. All of the surrounding businesses will not be able to compete. Retail prices typically drop by 1 to 1. % the moment a Wal-Mart opens (Dube, Lester & Eidlin 562). Local grocery stores like Poricelli ’s and Plasko’s can not be expected to compete with a business of such power. If small businesses fall to this Wal-Mart, then the unemployment rate will probably just about balance out with jobs your Wal-Mart will have created. This will destroy the peaceful, small town feel of Trumbull, and replace it with room for corporate siege. Our town would be quite different if we allowed this, but it would also support an economic movement that could tear our economy apart.One thing that must be understood in order to understand the entire threat of Wal-Mart is the causes and effects of a monopoly. The definition of a monopoly by the Merriam-Webster dictionary is, â€Å"Exclusive ownership through legal privilege, command of supply, or concerted action. † Monopolies can be held upon anything, but typically the term refers to a corporations hold on one particular industry. This was more of a problem preceding the great depression. Old corporations such as Standard Oil, U . S.Steel, and at the time GE held what is called a coercive monopoly, which is an absolute hold that can for the most part, can not be beaten without government intervention. These old corporations would dominate by not only controlling their market, but the markets of the related goods and means of production. For example, U. S. Steel would have powerful holds in the railroads so that they may transport there steel to cities free of charge. With such control, the industries were free of competition being that they had the means to set the standard for prices.Some would argue that this is good for an economy because it keeps prices at an all time low, but this typically lowers the quality of the goods they are selling as well as maintain low wages for workers being there very few places of work when one company controls it all. Nowadays, the government has precautions to prevent such dominating businessmen, but the economic order that is currently in place of the monopoly system, i s not all that better. The type of economic system the U. S. currently has is called a monopolistic competition. In order for the U.S. government to deal with monopolies, they had made it illegal to hold such power in one business. Businesses, such as standard oil, were forced to break up into many different businesses so that they may compete with each other. This keeps the market ever changing and not stagnant, allowing for more free choice in a capitalist economy. Now even though there is no â€Å"super power† of the market, there still are businesses that are significantly more powerful forces than others. This is what defines our monopolistic competition of our economy.It is an economy generally guided by larger corporations, but are not so powerful that they snuff out any smaller business below them. So while we have been able to make the â€Å"free market† as â€Å"free† as possible, there is still very much so a hierarchy. Wal-Mart sells everything cheap er than everyone. It has a hold not only over one market, but many. Therefore if factors are left unchanged, Wal-Mart would win the game of capitalism. These factors, as of now, are unchanged. First, Wal-Mart simply needs to be everywhere. With 50 Wal-Marts a state and growing, that goal has clearly been reached.Their numbers are only increasing, this way in the future, anyone can reach a Wal-Mart. This also keeps their employment up. The more jobs they give out, the more control of the standard of wages they have. It also is good for publicity. Second, they need to maintain their influence on the media, other businesses, and government. Commercials and internet make keeping up appearances in media more than easy. Same with other businesses being that they need only to market their products. Government though is trickier, but they exercised this strength of theirs fairly recently.Since 1998, a campaign of women has been trying to sue Wal-Mart for wrongful discrimination. More than 1 00 women have been trying to attack the corporation for many individual accounts of discrimination and finally made it to the Supreme Court in June 2011. Unfortunately, the court ruled in favor of Wal-Mart due to that these individual accounts have nothing to do with the corporation as a whole. This ruling shows that corporations are not held in contempt for the acts of their employees, which makes little to no sense.While this does not quite mean Wal-Mart is above the law, it still shows the type of influence they can hold in the law if need be. Although, even with this power, they can not hold absolute market control unless they maintain the lack of competition. Luckily, Wal-Mart still has competition, especially with those who find shopping their morally wrong, but this lack of competition may soon be at hand. The current debt crisis is continuing out of control, and nobody knows where it is quite going yet, but the outcome that is feared more is a depression.With a depression, m any businesses, big and small, will fall and the economy will be an empty husk. The only people who will seem unscathed in the mist of this chaos are the massive businesses, or Wal-Mart. They will have the resources to conquer an economy that has been wiped clean. Therefore, if there were on in Trumbull during such harsh times, it would be near impossible to open any new business in the area. Without new businesses, an economy is very hard to rebuild, especially on a local level.More importantly, in a time a crises, one of the last things you want is for a majority of the wealth to go to one place as history demonstrates. Having such an economic power exist in such fragile times is perhaps the most danger we have been in for decades. As you can see, it is not very difficult for Wal-Mart to become dangerous, but what does this contrast? Why it contrasts the support for small business. Small businesses create a self sustaining system for the area, rather than an area’s income b eing controlled by corporate conglomerates.The only problem with this is the system of economics. If a small business is successful, it is inevitable it becomes a big business, which could lead to another company to big for our own good. This is a cycle that must happen as a result of capitalism. If we are expected to have such a free moving economic system, we must learn to be responsible with our economy, and not allow businesses, such as Wal-Mart, to spread as rapidly as they do. This is a lesson that will be learned the hard way if a Wal-Mart is built. Wal-Mart is the product of a capitalist economy. While it is simply good usiness, is an example of the inevitability of monopolies in a free market system. Thankfully, we have regulations to hold them back, but you can not count on the government to control the market for you. People need to see this pattern and realize that you can not fall into the lock step of a consumer. Every Wal-Mart that is built just increases the risk of economic domination, and we can not contribute to this. It may be small in scale to the power they already hold, but every movement starts with a step. I hope you see the risk you take in considering this decision. Work CitedAndrew Beatie. â€Å"A History of US Monopolies. † Investopedia. November 21, 2010. http://www. investopedia. com/articles/economics/08/hammer-antitrust. asp Lila Shapiro. â€Å"Walmart: Too Big To Sue. † The Huffington Post. June 20, 2011. http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2011/06/20/walmart-too-big-to-sue_n_880930. html â€Å"History Timeline† Walmart Stores. http://walmartstores. com/aboutus/7603. aspx John D. Ramage, John C. Bean, and June Johnson. Writing Arguments: A Rhetoric With Readings. â€Å"Monopolistic Competition† Basic Economics. http://www. basiceconomics. info/monopolistic-competition. php

Rosenbaum’s a Perversion of the Past (Mississippi Burning)

Oleh Jonathan Rosenbaum's critique of the 1988 film â€Å"Mississippi Burning† draws much of its intellectual adn emotional response to the film from Rosenbaum's personal experiences as a participant in the civil rights movement of the 1960's. The article — which casts the movie â€Å"Mississippi Burning† in a pretty much unfavorable light due to what Rosenbaum feels is a deliberate series of distortions of historical fact — recounts in equal portions, Rosenbaum's direct experiences of the era and the experience of the era as it is presented by the movie's director, Alan Parker, who Rosenbaum immediately identifies as a former advertising director. Rosenbaum also remarks that Parker's previous films: â€Å"all reek of advertising's overheated style† (Rosenbaum, 119). and Rosenbaum also makes it clear that he is not, himself, an impersonal interpretor of the era of the civil rights movement that Parker's movie attempts to cover. Rosenbaum's article appeared in a book-length collection of his essays entitled â€Å"Movies as Politics† published in 1997. The book contains numerous essays on Hollywood films and attempts to shed light on the political repercussions of the all-too-routine historical inaccuracies and poetic license which is deeply embedded in contemporary commercial films. Rosenbaum's thesis, relative to â€Å"Mississippi Burning† is that damage to American culture is, indeed, done by the making of a movie which focuses on superficial imagery: churches burning, people being beaten, etc — and in fact distorts the truth of factual occurrences — in order to fulfill the attributes of a successful commercial film. Rosenbaum claims that â€Å"Mississippi Burning† is a dangerous re-visioning of history for many reasons, foremost among them: the fact that the film features two white protagonists, both of whom are federal agents, plus the undeniable fact that Parker in shaping his protagonists as unambiguously moral agents with no trace of personal racism or fear of racists, completely distorts the historical truths behind the events of the film. For example, Rosenbaum remarks that in his personal experience, no agency or authoritative bureau seemed the least bit interested in helping civil rights activists: â€Å"the answer was no-one. Certainly not the local police or the FBI as I quickly learned† (Rosenbaum, 119) and his conclusion that Parker has not only re-envisioned, but wilfully perverted the historical facts behind the event of â€Å"Mississippi Burning† to create a more salable film are rational and just in my opinion. Within the format of the essay, which is more conversational in tone than scholarly, Rosenbaum relies primarily upon anecdotal remembrances and personal experiences than on solidly researched historical evidence or upon sociological references of any kind. His assertions are certainly emotionally convincing because it doesn't take much effort to persuade me, or probably many other people, that a big-money director of commercial films would distort or change whatever was necessary in order to make a successful film in economic terms. If it were not so, then said director would still be directing TV commercials. This seems to be the most onerous flaw in Rosenbaum's thesis, as I am not entirely convinced that Parker or anyone else associated with Hollywood movies ever intended to make anything other than a piece of entertainment posed as drama with a more or less obvious historical â€Å"hook. However, the use of serious cultural issues for the purpose of making money is usually referred to as exploitation and I think Rosenbaum does a quite convincing job of painting Parker as an exploitative director bent first on making money and success and only secondarily, if at all, interested in the issues of substantive historical record of the e vents the movie ostensibly was meant to cover.

Poop

Proposition Number six in California: what did it say? How was it decided? Rights from working in public schools in California. It was not passed due to the support of Harvey Milk, Pres. Carter, and other gay activists who argued for that act. 4. Why did Dan White resign?Why wasn't he allowed back? Dan White resigned because the salary he was receiving was not enough to support his family. Also found politics to be corrupt and unethical. He was not allowed back because of his arguments with Harvey Milk and other politicians. 5. How do you feel about the public response to Milk's and Anemone's murder? I believe the protestors had every right to gather in silence and try to accept what had happened to such great politicians. I completely agree with that one old women that was interviewed on the street that said â€Å"l am a very old women, and I do not want to be around when Dan comes out.I feel as though the protestors were so full of anger with the murders that the violent acts were almost inevitable. I feel as though they did need a way to grieve, but burning police cars took it a little too far, and people got hurt. 6. What happened in the trial of Dan White? Dan White said that he was not planning on killing anyone that day, although he had a gun in his pocket, extra bullets, and went through the window into the building. He also used the â€Å"Twinkle Defense† that he had consumed so much Junk food causing him to do such horrible things. He was sentenced for 5 years in prison for man slaughter.