History of NATO and Policy Recommendations Towards NATO Essay -- War U

History of NATO and form _or_ system of government Recommendations Towards NATOIn this paper I go forth first explain the history of NATO and the United States policy towards it. I will then give three reasonable policy recommendations for the United States towards NATO. This is important because NATO is an organisation with a very brief history but it has molded Europe and other countries and has made a safe-haven from war for the past five decades. NATO was spawn disclose of the Western countries of Europe fearing the expansion of the greedy, hungry Stalin of the Soviet Union which would directly lead to the expansion of communist governments. Also, in 1949 most of the states of Europe were still enfeebled by wartime devastation, striving for economic recovery, attempting to reestablish shattered political institutions, resettle refugees and recover from the guerrilla major upheaval in 30 years.1 After the second world war Stalin, of the Soviet Union, started to spread his com munist government to many Eastern European countries fast. Just a couple years before either of this an alliance was made between many nations called The United commonwealths. This is where the base idea of NATO came out of. There is a particular article in the United Nations charter, article 51, which paved the way. Article 51 read Nothing in the present charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a member of the United Nations, until the security council has taken measures necessary to obligate international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defense shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and right of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.2 So, armed with this article, ten European countries turned to the United States and Canada to draft a pledge of mutual security and on April 4, 1949, they all met in Washington to sign the North Atlantic Treaty. The fear that created this alliance could not better be seen than in Winston Churchills, prime minister of gravid Britain, telegram to President Truman saying An iron curtain is being drawn down upon their(Soviet Union) front. We do not know what is going on ... ...world. I try for the information I gave here has been interesting and something you might look at differently now. Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY NATO Information Service. 1989. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Facts and Figures. capital of Belgium NATO Kaplan, Lawrence S, ed. 1968. NATO And The Policy Of Containment. Boston Raytheon Education Company. Richard D. Lawrence, and Jeffrey Record, eds. 1974. U.S. Force Structure in NATO. Washington, D.C The Brookings Institution. Faringdon, Hugh. 1989. Strategic Geography NATO, the Warsaw Pact, an d the Superpowers. London and New York Routledge. Knorr, Klaus. 1959. NATO And American Security. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press. NATO Information Service. 1983. NATO Handbook. Brussels NATO Coffey, Joseph I. 1997. The Future Role Of NATO. New York Foreign Policy Association. NATO Information Service. 1984. NATO And The Warsaw Pact Force Comparisons. Brussels NATO Bolles, Blair, and Francis O. Wilcox. Bagby, Wesley M. 1999. Americas International Relations Since ground War I. New York Oxford University Press Rosati, Jerel A. 1999. The Politics Of United States Foreign Policy. New York Harcourt Brace College Publishers

Preventing Bacteria from Creating Resistance to Drugs Essay -- Explora

Preventing bacteria from Creating Resistance to DrugsIn 1943, the antibiotic era began when penicillin, a member of the beta-lacam family of drugs, was developed. Since then, tens of thousands of derivatives of penicillin have been developed, scarcely only seventeen antibiotics of this family are currently marketed in the United States. Penicillin and its derivatives work by preventing certain bacteria from building strong cell walls that keep their occasion and integrity. Without well-integrated cell walls, bacterial trying to grow in the presence of penicillin puff up and die.1 Almost all bacterial diseases have evolved or so aim of electric resistance. The increased use of antimicrobial drugs encourages the spread of resistance and increases the prevalence of drug-resistant strains.2 In fact, most virulent strains, like many sexually transmitted diseases, fill at least double the dosage that was used a decade ago. Vancomycin, commonly referred to as the last resort drug, is being used by hospitals in ever-increasing amounts.Bacterial resistance is the result of evolutionary responses. One cause of resistance is through mutation. In some instances, proteins used to build the cell are neutered to bind penicillin poorly or not at all. A second type of resistance occurs when the bacteria preemptively breaks down penicillin into harmless by-products before they have the pass to bind with the cell wall. A greater cause for concern is the fact that bacteria may reproduce with different bacterial species passing on resistance to bacteria that did not previously possess the ability to resist any drugs.3 Humans are the predominant cause for drug resistance. The following are some examples of how human intervention has res... ...3. Palumbi. Pg. 81.4. Meanwhile, Back at the Farm in Infectious Disease Alert. Nov. 1, 2001. vol. 21 i. 3 Pg. 17.5. Palumbi. Pg. 89.6. Palumbi. Reproduced from Table 4.1 on Pg. 75.7. Skolnic, Andrew. New Insight Into How Bacteria Devel op Antibiotic Resistance in The Journal of the American Medical Association. Jan. 2, 1991. vol. 265 n. 1. Pg. 14.8. For further reading consult Skurkovich, Simon. Facing the Coming Plague in creation and I. June 1998. vol. 13 n. 6. Pg. 150.FURTHER READING & USEFUL LINKS1. This presentation was intended to be associated with the following articleEckert, Eric. Diseased Soieties in World and I. Oct. 1998. vol. 13 n. 10. Pg. 166.2. Lappe, Marc. breakage The Evolving Threat of Drug-Resistant Disease. San Francisco Sierra Club Books, 1995.3. How Bacteria Build Resistance to Antibiotics presented by USA Today

Eros Essay example -- essays research papers

In the Poem, EP, by Robert Bridges, visible attraction is referred to as an Kidol of the human raceK with a perfect form and looks, however, he bears no expression on his face. On the other hand, in the poem, EROS, by Anne Stevenson, Eros is portrayed as a thug with a bruised and patchy appearance. I believe that although both authors be trying to convey the aforementioned(prenominal) message, they choose different ways to go almost it.In the poem by Anne Stevenson, I believe that she is trying to show that while people, especially the narrator, were unceasingly asking for help and calling upon the gods, they were not cerebration of others, but more so their own personal problems. When Eros first appears to the narrator, she is shocked and in misgiving of his appearance. Eros tells the woman that he has that form overdue to all of the feelings she and others have directed in his direction. He then tells the girl that since it is the gods that control the fate of man, they a re the ones that take all of the blame for things not leaving well, and that is reflected upon their bodily form. I think that the author was trying to show that from the scorn of man, the gods were receiving these verbal beatings that resulted in physical marks, and to show the selflessness of the gods as well. This is done when Eros tells the girl that it is better for him to be all bruised than for her to not have love.However, when comparing the work of Anne Stevenson ... Eros Essay example -- essays research papers In the Poem, EP, by Robert Bridges, Eros is referred to as an Kidol of the human raceK with a perfect form and looks, however, he bears no expression on his face. On the other hand, in the poem, EROS, by Anne Stevenson, Eros is portrayed as a thug with a bruised and patchy appearance. I believe that although both authors are trying to convey the same message, they choose different ways to go about it.In the poem by Anne Stevenson, I believe that she is trying to show that while people, especially the narrator, were constantly asking for help and calling upon the gods, they were not thinking of others, but more so their own personal problems. When Eros first appears to the narrator, she is shocked and in disbelief of his appearance. Eros tells the woman that he has that form due to all of the feelings she and others have directed in his direction. He then tells the girl that since it is the gods that control the fate of man, they are the ones that take all of the blame for things not going well, and that is reflected upon their bodily form. I think that the author was trying to show that from the scorn of man, the gods were receiving these verbal beatings that resulted in physical marks, and to show the selflessness of the gods as well. This is done when Eros tells the girl that it is better for him to be all bruised than for her to not have love.However, when comparing the work of Anne Stevenson ...

Theodicy and Dostoevskys The Brothers Karamazov Essay -- The Brothers

Theodicy and Dostoevskys The Brothers KaramazovThe problem of reconciling an omnipotent, perfectly just, perfectly benevolent god with a world full of condemnable and suffering has plagued believers since the beginning of religious thought. Atheists often site this paradox in order to demonstrate that such a god cannot exist and, therefore, that theism is an invalid position. Theodicy is a branch of philosophy that seeks to defend religion by reconciling the supposed existence of an omnipotent, perfectly just God with the presence of evil and suffering in the world. In fact, the word theodicy consists of the Greek words theos, or God, and dike, or justice (Knox 1981, 1). Thus, theodicy seeks to find a sense of divine justice in a world filled with suffering.Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky was among those philosophical thinkers who grappled with the task of explaining why evil exists in a world created by a perfect god. Despite the mightily influence of Christianity in his ea rly childhood and throughout his life, Dostoevsky encountered difficulties in answering this hobbyion, which he described, Nature, the soul, God, love all this is understood by the heart, not by the heading (Gibson 1973, 9). Nevertheless, Dostoevsky not only felt obligated to discover a issue to the problem, but also responsible to his fellow believers for its success or failure (Gibson 1973, 169). This quest for a solution to the problem of theodicy ultimately led Dostoevsky to write The Brothers Karamazov, a novel that attempts to explain the need for evil in the world. In posing his solution to this problem, Dostoevsky explains the necessity of suffering for the realization of human redemption, as well as the role of Christs atoneme... ... Christ and for his role in overcoming evil and suffering, and with the intellection that the negative effects of suffering can be countered by compassionate love of others. Works CitedBakhtin, Mikhail. Problyemi tvorchestva Dostoe vskogo. Kiev Next, 1994.Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamazov. Trans. Constance Garnett. New York Signet Classic, 1986.Gibson, A. Boyce. The Religion of Dostoevsky. London SCM Press Ltd, 1973.Hansen, Bruce. Dostoevskys Theodicy. Provo, Utah Brigham Young University, 1996. At . accessed 18 November 2001. Knox, John. The Problem of Evil and Suffering. At . 18 November 2001. Kraeger, Linda, and Joe Barnhart. 1992. Dostoevsky on Evil and Atonement. Lampeter, Dyfed, Wales The Edwin Mellen Press, Ltd.

Diversity :: Title VI, Public Organizations, Race Relations

Diversity is an increasingly important factor in organizational life as organizations world-wide become more diverse in damage of the gender, race, ethnicity, age, national origin, and other personal characteristics of their members. By the year 2000, the Ameri push aside workforce is likely to be gender-balanced, with only 58% of the workforce comprised of White, native born Americans (Jackson et al., 1995). overdue to the increasing globalization of business requires employees from different cultures to work together in cross-national teams. Firms are being forced to form cross-functional, inter-departmental, cross-divisional, and inter-organizational alliances in order to make supreme use of scarce resources and thus increase their competitive advantage. People tend to think of diversity as simply demographic, a matter of color, gender, or age. However, groups can be disparate in many ways. Diversity is also based on informational differences, reflecting a persons education and experience, as well as on set or goals that can influence what one perceives to be the mission of something as small as a single meeting or as outstanding as a whole company. Diversity among employees can create better performance when it comes to out-of-the-ordinary creative tasks such as product development or sally new markets, and managers have been trying to increase diversity to achieve the benefits of innovation and fresh ideas.Informational diversity stirred constructive conflict, or debate, around the task at hand. That is, people deliberate about the best course of action. On the other hand, demographic diversity can sometimes whip up interpersonal conflict. This is the smorgasbord of conflict people should fear.

Diversity :: Title VI, Public Organizations, Race Relations

Diversity is an increasingly important factor in organizational life as organizations world-wide become more diverse in terms of the gender, race, ethnicity, age, national origin, and other personal characteristics of their members. By the year 2000, the American workforce is likely to be gender-balanced, with only 58% of the workforce comprised of White, autochthonous born Americans (Jackson et al., 1995). Due to the increasing globalization of business requires employees from different cultures to work together in cross-national teams. Firms are being forced to form cross-functional, inter-departmental, cross-divisional, and inter-organizational alliances in army to make maximum use of scarce resources and thus increase their competitive advantage. People tend to think of diversity as simply demographic, a content of color, gender, or age. However, groups can be disparate in many ways. Diversity is also based on informational differences, reflecting a persons education and exp erience, as well as on values or goals that can influence what one perceives to be the mission of something as small as a single meeting or as large as a whole company. Diversity among employees can create better performance when it comes to out-of-the-ordinary creative tasks such as product culture or cracking new markets, and managers have been trying to increase diversity to achieve the benefits of innovation and fresh ideas.Informational diversity stirred constructive conflict, or debate, more or less the task at hand. That is, people deliberate about the best course of action. On the other hand, demographic diversity can sometimes whip up interpersonal conflict. This is the kind of conflict people should fear.